The present article is the fruit of a reflection that did when it was Elaborating conclusion of my work of course (WCC) on the concept of public policy. In the bibliographic references on this subject always find authors that argued that only the State Public Policy can elaborate, but forget that it does the “State” exist that are common citizen contribute with taxes and want to know Those like his money is being used Stop it benefit common.
To help in the reflection the theoretical references that help to analysis the idea Debated in this article, authors will be argued that the concept of Public Policy such as MEKSENAS (2002), Fernandes (2007), Souza (2006) between others that go to To help you understand the concept of public politics, and his relationship with the daily of each one of the citizens.
THE CONCEPT OF PUBLIC POLICY
The concept of Public Politics is argued in all the areas of the knowledge, however is in the field of the Political Science that this wins a big highlight in the theoretical discussions like sample Souza (2006 p. 45) in his article “Políticas Públicas uma revisão da literatura, “shows a general view of as the publisher policy is view by the academy, like a first in the balance between budget and expenditure limitation, as a new vision of the state where leaves to be a policy kenynesiana, to be a restrictive policy to the expenses, and third is the relationship that exists between the developed and Those countries that initiated his democratic walked recently, of a particular way the Countries of Latin America that still do not administer to Achieve well his public resources and to set out The goods in favor of his people, of way include the excluded.
Souza (2006) says that the public politics in his essence are strongly connected to the State determines that this like the resources are used stop it benefit of his citizens, where does a synthesis of the main theoretical work that the subject of the public politics related to the institutions that give order to finish, as of money under the form of taxes has to be accumulated and of how this has to be reversed, and in the end do provision of public account of the money spend in Favor of the society.
With a vision of more next Souza (2006), Fernandes (2007) in his article “Políticas Públicas: Definição, evolução eo caso brasileiro na política social” defends the idea that the public politics manifest through two dimensions that complement between himself that is the technical and the political official appearance as it can be observed in the summons to continue.
“… Costume-se pensar o campo das políticas públicas unicamente caracterizado gold técnico como administrativo, e assim book, portanto do aspecto ‘político’ propriamente dito, que é na atividade evidenciado goal partidária eleitoral. Este é uma meia verdade, apesar dado that to tratar de uma área técnico-administrativa, a esfera das políticas públicas também possui uma política dimensão uma vez que está relacionado ao processo decisório. (see Fernandes 2007 p. 203)
FERNANDES strongly influenced by LOWI (1972) before reversing that public money in a determined sector that can be of the health of the education or the State before taking this decision goes through three categories Which are the regulatory, distributive and redistributive.
Already VERZ (2000) does a different discussion on public policy, Because the direction that society is taking post-Mordern is inevitable. Globalization is a phenomenon that is Prevailing in the world is a path that has no back, but the way that manifests itself is exclusive and generates various types of violence and today the greatest challenge of globalization is creating a policy of general human solidarity.
“O processo de desenvolvimento atinge globalização em todas as sociedades. Também (…) has consenso que a forma atual of globalização cried desemprego exclusão Social causando-economicos e danos ambientais e sociais. Desencadeia Violencia de todo tipo. (…) That has salientar Vale da pressão para baixo globalização cried a necessidade do governo buscar novas alternativas do contato direto com os cidadão ortodoxo superando o fazer política. De igual maneira organizada has cidadania conscientemente necessita criar mecanismo de contato e controle de políticas estatais, democratizando – ace . Isso asked novos experimento de participação direta política de maior número possível de cidadãos. Assim, um dos maiores da globalização desafio é a ampla discussão e profunda a cerca de uma política da condição overall social humana “(see Verzi, 2000 p 84 — 87).
Even though current way globalization is manifested, but still believe in a change of thinking within the global capitalist system, where the cities are important to this change in education. Because it is within the municipalities Which Express the participation of citizens, they demand improvement in their streets and help manage the resources of the municipality.
“Sabemos que a todos Grécia constitui-se no espaço, onde encontramos por primeiro ‘explicitamente deliberando uma comunidade sobre suas leis’ (cf. Castoriadis C, 1986). Assim, a participação na política geral, cried, pela primeira vez na história, um espaço público. emergência A deste espaço um espaço político implications that ‘PERTENCE a todos. “(…) Nessa perspectiva, import notar que o espaço público não tem apenas a ver com a tomada de Decisões finais. (…) O espaço público quando tudo requer are implications, complications have Decisões conduzir e finais, enquanto todos os Decisões of participants. But important as elaboração final das leis, é o processo de mobilização of conversão e que a comunidade debate trava para logra seus Intentos. (…) Tal instituição explicit begat a autonomia: a comunidade produz suas leis próprias Others modifica, quando, de novo pela discussão aberta e democrática, as julga superada gold necessidade de reformulações. (see Verzi, 2000 p. 120-121)
VERZ (2000) says to train future citizens to participate in the public space, it is necessary to encourage children in the period of his young age in schools participating in the student community, And Thus are creating conscious citizens who care about the welfare of your street.
“In escola, como instituição, onus is on Socialização do saber, da ciência, técnica e da cultura e das formas artísticas produzidas socialmente. Importa politicamente comprometida e seja capaz de interpretar as carência e perspectivas Revelada anseios e pela sociedade, desenvolvendo atividades educativas eficaz para o atendimento às demandas sociais. (…) De nada vale manter os alunos em sala de aula por anos a fio, se a escola lhe nega a capacidade de conseguir aprender e Aprendendo seguir a vida a fora. A Democratização e gestão democrática da escola enquanto servem MEDIACO that asseguram os processos pedagógicos eficaz to saberes indispensáveis construção dos para a vida numa sociedade complexa e dinâmica por mudanças atravessada constant. (IDEM p. 180-181)
Different from VERZ (2000) believes that a change in living in a capitalist system creates a public policy education that begins with the municipalities is extended to the rest of the world as a global thinking, however MEKSENAS (2002) says that you can not think Changes in the capitalist system, Because public policies are actually a way that the state has to create new type of labor to sustain capitalism as can be best exploited without forming critical citizens for political participation.
MEKSENAS (2002) influenced by a Marxist vision will mean that public policies are a mechanism used by the state to help the most socially excluded to rise, but a method used by capital to stay in power without complaint from the peripheral part of society. As can be seen in the following excerpt:
“O conceito de políticas públicas de aplicación aparece ao desenvolvimento do Estado capitalista esse e às relações class. No século XX, as políticas públicas são como um mecanismo definidas contraditório that visa garantia da reprodução da força de trabalho. Tal aspecto da organização do Estado nas sociedades industriais, não um traduz equilíbrio nas relações entre o trabalho eo capital. (2002 p.77)
MEKSENAS (2002) both show that the population is excluded from the decisions of the State Those public resources for investment by large companies Which are often multinationals, excluding the majority population, Which should be the first beneficiaries of public resources.
“Um outro aspecto das contradições presente nas relações políticas do Estado involvement has exclusão das classes trabalhadores nas instancias de decisão e gerenciamento das políticas públicas e, ao mesmo tempo no para a Apelo incorporação dessas demandas das classes na extensão dos direitos sociais. Integra o tal aspecto de medidas receituário that has garantem legitimidad of governabilidade das condições presentes no Estado frente ao conjunto da sociedade. Aasim has intervenção that ocorre estatal por meio das políticas públicas emerge complexa numa disputa pelo poder relacionado às contradições economica e políticas. (MEKSENAS 2002 p 77 – 78)
MEKSENAS (2002) shows how public policy from its origins are linked to capital and how it uses as a way to increase their area and Maintain its control over the most excluded, maintaining the illusion that it can later rise socially, something that will not occur .
To Deepen the discussion on his theory of public policy MEKSENAS (2002) is based upon his analysis of three authors who have the vision of the liberal capitalist system, such as John Locke, John Rawls and Nozisck saying that public policies are subject to market, and the other thinkers who defend the idea that there is a mutual determination between the market and public policies such as Marx, Lenin and Luxembourg.
Thus, through this discussion of public policy this article I try to think of how challenging that concept is used in politics as a “unfair taxes Which are false, and that is often not directed to benefit the general population. But think about public policy as a preceding calculation, meat stock, and to evaluate the actions in view of all the citizens who pay taxes and want to know about how your money is being invested.
